The vibration noise generated by the rollers of the belt conveyor is influenced by various factors. To address the issue of excessive vibration noise, this paper proposes a method that utilizes the finite element-boundary element theory for analyzing and optimizing the vibration noise of the rollers. Firstly, modal analysis and dynamic simulation of the belt conveyor are carried out to explore the vibration characteristics of the rollers; then,the harmonic response analysis of the acoustic field is conducted using the finite element-boundary element composite acoustic field simulation method,this analysis calculates the distribution of the acoustic field in the roller group,and an actual test platform is constructed to validate the reliability of the acoustic simulation model; finally, by considering the conveying capacity and lightweight constraints, the optimal solution for the structural parameters of the roller group and the working parameters of the roller is determined.The optimal solution of the structural parameters of the roller group and the working parameters of the roller are obtained with the constraints of conveying capacity and light weight. The results show that the finite element-boundary element method can effectively simulate the sound field distribution and change rule of the roller group, the optimised noise sound pressure level of the roller group is reduced by about 6.1dB compared with the pre-optimisation, and the comprehensive performance of the roller group has been improved, which can be used to play an effective role in guiding the optimal design of the belt conveyor in the actual project.